TRP ion channels are involved in several physiological processes, including regulating cell volume, cell signaling, and neuronal excitability. TRP channels are highly selective for specific ions, such as calcium, sodium, and potassium, and are sensitive to various physical and chemical stimuli. They play essential roles in regulating multiple physiological processes, including pain sensation, vision, temperature sensing, and osmotic balance.

Mutations in TRP ion channels have been associated with various diseases, including diabetes, epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmias, migraine, and autism. For example, genetic mutations of the TRPV1 channel have been linked to familial migraine and autism, while mutations of the TRPC3 channel have been associated with diabetes. Mutations of the TRPM8 channel have been associated with a form of painful inherited peripheral neuropathy known as erythromelalgia.